CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA DAY ZERO, NO RUNNING TAP WATER POSSIBLY FROM 12 APRIL 2018

The warning signs have been there for years and yet with a country full of high net worth public and private professionals, researchers, professors and engineers Cape Town, South Africa is likely to become the first city in the world to run dry.

“Viewing climate change through an international security lens suggests several policy options where multi stakeholder action is critical. Climate change and water crises, have featured prominently in the Global Risks Landscape over the last five years. Unless current water management practices change significantly, many parts of the world will therefore face growing competition for water between agriculture, energy, industry, and cities. Climate change will only exacerbate these challenges. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, in November 2014, reaffirmed that this warming in the climate system is “unequivocal” and that human influence is “extremely likely” to be the dominant cause. Atmospheric concentrations of three major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) are at their highest level in 800,000 years, with CO2 concentration up 13% since 1990.” WEF Global Risks report 2016

THE GAUTRAIN PROJECT – A SUCCESSFUL PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Gauteng Province • 20% of South Africa’s population resides in Gauteng • 33% of the GDP is generated in Gauteng • Gauteng boasts the most developed infrastructure in South Africa • 52% of South Africa’s 7 million international tourists pass through Gauteng

Rail transport in South Africa entered a new era with the successful opening of phase 1 of the Gautrain rapid rail project on the 8th of June 2010. The opening came 3 weeks ahead of schedule and just 44 months after the first sod was turned. Within days of opening in time for the FIFA Soccer World Cup, the Gautrain was carrying approximately 80,000 passengers per week. Post world cup, the train service stabilized at about 50,000 passengers per week with bus passengers at about 4,000 passengers per week and showed steady growth. The project was a Public-Private-Partnership and included a 15-year maintenance and operating period after construction. Following an international tender process, the Gauteng Provincial Government awarded the project to the Bombela Concession Company consisting initially of Bombardier Transportation UK Ltd, Bouygues Travaux Publics SA, Murray & Roberts Ltd and SPG Concessions Ltd. Latterly ABSA Capital and the J&J Group have also taken up equity stakes in the Bombela Concession Company. The operations were led by RATP Development – the transit operator responsible for public transport in Paris and its surroundings.

SDG 6 CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION, SANDTON 2017 FORUM REPORT 

Millions of people lack access to clean water and sanitation, which poses huge challenges and threatens future prosperity. This panel explored the crucial role partnerships can play in supporting the global goal on water and sanitation. Ensuring universal access to safe and affordable drinking water for all by 2030 requires us to invest in adequate infrastructure, provide sanitation facilities, and encourage hygiene at every level. The real challenges for achieving the SDG 6 targets lie not in the operations around water use, or efficiency in water use by companies, but in the broader catchment and supply chains. Some supply chains cross over borders, so companies require strategies to manage the associated complexities. The panel discussed integrating the sustainability mindset into companies to enable the delivery of essential services.

Participation from smaller organisations should be incorporated into decision-making and in forming multi-sectoral partnerships.

 http://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-6-clean-water-and- sanitation.html

Facilitator:

Adrian Sym, CEO, Alliance for Water Stewardship

Ravi Pillay, Corporate Affairs Director, Nestle South Africa

Casper Durandt, Head of Technical, Coca-Cola South Africa

Phakamani Buthelezi, CEO, Breede- Gouritz Catchment Management Authority

_________________________________________________________________________

WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM - THE GLOBAL RISKS REPORT 2016

This 11th edition of The Global Risks Report is published at a time of profound change. Global risks materialize in new and unexpected ways and are becoming more imminent as their consequences reach people, institutions and economies. We witness the effects of climate change in the rising frequency and intensity of water shortages, floods and storms worldwide. Stable societies are becoming increasingly fragmented in many regions of the world, and we note a weak global economy that is again facing headwinds.

After its presence in the top five most impactful risks for the past three years, the failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation has risen to the top and is perceived in 2016 as the most impactful risk for the years to come, ahead of weapons of mass destruction, ranking 2nd, and water crises, ranking 3rd. Large-scale involuntary migration was also rated among the top five for impact, as was severe energy price shock (increase or decrease). The risk rated most likely was large-scale involuntary migration, with last year’s top scorer – interstate conflict with regional consequences – giving way to the environmental risks of extreme weather events and the failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation and followed by major natural catastrophes.

Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman, World Economic Forum

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – SDG 6 LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR ACHIEVING THE SDGS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1.2.6. SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

DESD UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development

ESD Education for Sustainable Development

GAP Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development

GCED Global Citizenship Education

ICT Information and Communication Technology

LCA Life Cycle Analysis

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PISA Programme for International Student Assessment

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

UN United Nations

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

OBJECTIVES

1. The learner understands water as a fundamental condition of life itself, the importance of water quality and quantity, and the causes, effects and consequences of water pollution and water scarcity.

2. The learner understands that water is part of many different complex global interrelationships and systems.

3. The learner knows about the global unequal distribution of access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.

4. The learner understands the concept of “virtual water”(3)

5. The learner understands the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and other strategies for ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation, including flood and drought risk management.

Socio-emotional learning objectives

1. The learner is able to participate in activities of improving water and sanitation management in local communities.

2. The learner is able to communicate about water pollution, water access and water saving measures and to create visibility about success stories.

3. The learner is able to feel responsible for their water use.

4. The learner is able to see the value in good sanitation and hygiene standards.

5. The learner is able to question socio-economic differences as well as gender disparities in the access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.

Behavioural learning objectives

1. The learner is able to cooperate with local authorities in the improvement of local capacity for self-sufficiency.

2. The learner is able to contribute to water resources management at the local level.

3. The learner is able to reduce their individual water footprint and to save water practicing their daily habits.

4. The learner is able to plan, implement, evaluate and replicate activities that contribute to increasing water quality and safety.

5. The learner is able to evaluate, participate in and influence decision-making on management strategies of local, national and international enterprises related to water pollution. (3)

3. Virtual water is the water ‘embedded’ in commodities. Producing goods and services requires water; the water used to produce agricultural or

industrial products is called the virtual water of the product.

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/facts-and-figures/all-facts-wwdr3/fact-25-virtual-water-flows/

Suggested topics for SDG 6 “Clean Water and Sanitation”

The global water cycle and water distribution. The importance of equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water (achieving water security under climate change: e.g. coping with social and economic pressure caused by frequent waves of droughts and hence water shortages, and by floods and hence too much water). The importance of adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene, water quality and quantity parameters for health.

The human right to water and water as a global common good. Impacts of pollution, dumping and release of hazardous chemicals and materials on water quality. Water scarcity and water use efficiency. Importance of water-related ecosystems. Water- and sanitation-related activities and programmes, including water harvesting, desalination, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, recycling and reuse technologies, water patents, landscaping for groundwater recharge as well as integrated water resources management. Water exports (virtual water). Water and sustainable development (e.g. water and gender, water and inequality, water and health, water and cities, water and energy, water and food security, water and disaster risk reduction, water and climate change, water and the green economy, water and jobs).

EXAMPLES OF LEARNING APPROACHES AND METHODS FOR SDG 6 “CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION”

Calculate one’s own water footprint (WF) (4).

Develop a concept for local sustainable water use and supply based on success stories.

Develop school partnerships between schools in regions with abundance or scarcity of water.

Organize excursions and field trips to local water infrastructures, and monitor water quality at school and home.

Plan and run an awareness campaign or youth action project on water and its importance.

Develop a project work on the invisible water, e.g. how much water in a litre of beer, a kilo of beef, a tee shirt etc.

DEVELOP AN ENQUIRY-BASED PROJECT: “WHAT HUMAN ACTIVITY CAN HAPPEN WITHOUT WATER? (4)

4. The water footprint measures the amount of water used to produce each of the goods and services we use. It can be measured for a single process,

such as growing rice, for a product such as jeans, for the fuel we put in our car, or for an entire multinational company. The water footprint can also tell

us how much water is being consumed by a particular country or by an individual person. See: http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/interactivetools/

personal-water-footprint-calculator/

TRAVEL AND TOURISM CONTRIBUTES APPROXIMATELY R412.2BN TO SOUTH AFRICA'S GDP AND WILL IN FUTURE BE LOST TO DAY ZERO

The total contribution of travel and tourism to the gross domestic product (GDP) of South Africa was R402bn in 2016 (9.3% of GDP) and was expected to grow by 2.5% to R412.2bn (9.4% of GDP) in 2017, according to a report by the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). This includes the wider effects from investment, the supply chain and induced income impacts. The forecast is that it will rise by 4.2% per year to R624.2bn by 2027 - 11.5% of GDP. The total contribution of travel and tourism to employment in the country was 1.5 million jobs in 2016. This is 9.8% of total employment. The forecast was that it would rise to 6.7% in 2017. That would be 1.6 million jobs or 10.2% of total employment. By 2017, it was forecast that travel and tourism would support 2.5 million jobs or 13.2% of total employment. By 2027 international tourist arrivals to South Africa are forecast to total 19 million. This was expected to generate expenditure of R271.3bn for the country. Travel and tourism is expected to have attracted capital investment of R68.9bn in 2016. This was expected to increase by 0.6% in 2017 and by 4% per year over the next ten years to R102.5bn in 2027. Tourism supports 1 in 10 jobs

CAPE TOWN TO IMPLEMENT LEVEL 6B WATER RESTRICTIONS

1 FEBRUARY 2018

Water restrictions in Cape Town have been heightened even further as the drought continues to dry up the city. The City of Cape Town will implement level 6B water restrictions from 1 February - this means daily consumption per person per household has been cut to 50 litres. Mayor Patricia de Lille says more than 60% of Cape Town residents are not saving water. The city implemented level 6 water restrictions on 1 January, which required that users to reduce their water usage by 45% and agricultural users to reduce consumption by 60% and discouraged the use of borehole water for outdoor purposes in order to preserve groundwater resources. Properties where households consume more than 10,500 litres per month could be fitted with a water management device.

WATER PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Is there a public-private water partnership in place and will it halt Day Zero? Surely solutions are not only about cutting water consumption but about creating, enabling and providing alternative AND additional water sources?

Christine Colvin, WWF SA Freshwater Leader stated on Radio 702 on Wednesday 17th January 2018 that "Cape Town has a single reticulation system in Cape Town and with time, options need to be considered to reconfigure to a dual drinking and sea water which is difficult to retrofit".

The majority of South Africans are likely to say that this should have taken place at least one year ago?